ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility and effect of transumbilical single-site laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of inguinal cryptorchidism in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August to November 2013, 33 children with inguinal cryptorchidism (41 testes) underwent transumbilical single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy. The undescended testes were palpable in the inguen intra-operatively in all the cases, 14 on the right, 11 on the left, and 8 bilaterally.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were performed successfully with neither intraoperative complications nor conversion to operi surgery. Adequate length of spermatic cord was pulled down to allow the testis to descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum in all the cases. Totally, 39 testes in 31 cases were fixed at the bottom and 2 testes in 2 cases in the middle of the scrotum. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 9 months, which showed normal development of the testes, but no such postoperative complications as testicular retraction and atrophy, indirect hernia, and hydrocele.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transumbilical single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy is a feasible and effective technique for the treatment of inguinal palpable undescended testis in children, and its cosmetic results were desirable.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Male , Cryptorchidism , General Surgery , Feasibility Studies , Laparoscopy , Methods , Orchiopexy , Methods , Postoperative Complications , Scrotum , Spermatic Cord , Testicular HydroceleABSTRACT
Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic cystitis (EC) in children.Methods Six patients who experienced EC in Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from Mar.2007 to Feb.2012 were analyzed and the relevant literature was reviewed.This group included 5 male and 1 female,with mean age of 5.3 years.Their major complains included urinary frequency in 5 cases,odynuria in 3 cases,dysuria in 2 cases,hematuria in 2 cases,proteinuria in 2 cases,urinary dribbling in 1 case,and nocturia in 1 case.Physical examination and urine culture was positive in 1 case,eosinophil proportion of peripheral blood increased in 3 cases,imaging studies suggested the bladder wall thickening in 5 cases and space-occupying lesions in 2 cases.Cystoscopy in 4 cases and biopsy in 3 cases showed EC.Results Three patients were cured after receiving anti-infection and urine alkalinization,and another 3 patients were cured after adding Prednisone and Ketotifen,or Oxybutynin or Loratadine.Five patients were followed up for 1-60 months,and clinical symptoms,blood,urine,and B-ultrasound in these patients were normal.The information of 1 case was lost.Conclusions The incidence of EC in children tends to increase in recent years,the diagnosis can be confirmed combined with the clinical manifestations,laboratory tests,imaging studies and histological examination.Conservative treatment is preferred.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy and safety of tolterodine and oxybutynin in the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 204 children with idiopathic overactive bladder were randomly divided into three groups (n=68 each): placebo, tolterodine-treated and oxybutynin-treated. The efficacy and safety were evaluated two weeks after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effective rate was 25% in the placebo group, 89% in the tolterodine-treated group, and 92% in the oxybutynin-treated group. The effective rate in the two treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (P<0.05). There was a similar efficacy between the two treatment groups. The incidence of adverse events in the tolterodine-treated group (28%) was significantly lower than that in the oxybutnin-treated group (57%) (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tolterodine has a similar efficacy to oxybutynin in the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder in children, with better safety in pharmacotherapy.</p>